{"id":2899,"date":"2020-06-06T18:58:46","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T17:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurocomdidact.eu\/?page_id=2899"},"modified":"2022-04-02T18:50:17","modified_gmt":"2022-04-02T17:50:17","slug":"demasquer-des-mots-similaires-en-differentes-langues","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eurocomdidact.eu\/?page_id=2899&lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Phon\u00e9tique et orthographes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Destinataires: enseignants, apprenants avanc\u00e9s<\/h5>\n

Ce document pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e8gles phon\u00e9tiques et orthographiques les plus importantes de quatre langues romanes majeures afin de faciliter leur lecture intercompr\u00e9hensive. Ainsi, il se met au service des \u00e9tudiants qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 une bonne ma\u00eetrise d\u2019au moins d\u2019une de ces langues. Les observations accompagnent l\u2019appli <\/span>EuroComDidact ToGo<\/span>.<\/span> En combinaison avec celle-ci, le texte invite <\/span>les<\/span> apprenants \u00e0 analyser <\/span>les<\/span> mots propos\u00e9s par l\u2019appli en ayant recours <\/span>aux r\u00e8gles d\u00e9crites<\/span>.<\/span> Nul doute que la compr\u00e9hension de lecture ainsi acquise <\/span>acc\u00e9l\u00e8re consid\u00e9rablement<\/span> l\u2019acquisition<\/span> de comp\u00e9tences <\/span>productives<\/span> (\u00e9crire et parler).<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Conna\u00eetre la phon\u00e9tique et l’orthographe des langues romanes permet la compr\u00e9hension quasi imm\u00e9diate d\u2019une autre langue romane<\/span><\/b>[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\nComment am\u00e9liorer l\u2019apprentissage du vocabulaire\u00a0: <\/span>Le <\/span>r\u00e9sultat de votre apprentis-sage<\/span> est<\/span> nettement<\/span> meilleur quand<\/span> vous<\/span> comparez<\/span> des <\/span>mots du <\/span>m\u00eame <\/span>sens (ad\u00e9quation de sens) dans<\/span> diff\u00e9rentes<\/span> langues. Cela concerne <\/span>leurs <\/span>formes, significations, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s grammaticales<\/span>, et leurs usages<\/span>.<\/span><\/b>\n

R\u00e8gles<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

Les r\u00e8gles phon\u00e9tiques et orthographiques les plus importantes concernent exclusive-ment le vocabulaire populaire.<\/span><\/p>\n

A)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>Les voyelles<\/span><\/i><\/b>[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Distinguer les voyelles<\/span><\/b> claires<\/b> (<\/span>e<\/span><\/i> et <\/span>i<\/em>)<\/span> des<\/span><\/b> <\/b>voyelles sombres<\/span><\/b> (<\/span>a, o, u<\/span><\/i>). Les<\/b><\/span> voyelles ne <\/span><\/b>changent que rarement de groupe.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/b>La diff\u00e9rence du latin entre voyelles longues et voyelles courtes n\u2019existe pas dans les langues romanes.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Les syllabes toniques sont plus stables que les atoniques.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>En position initiale, les voyelles sont particuli\u00e8rement<\/span><\/b><\/b> stables\u00a0<\/span><\/b>: fourmi, formica, hormiga<\/i><\/span> < it. <\/span>FORMIX, FORMICA; elles ne changent pas ou seulement l\u00e9g\u00e8rement (DULCIS > fr. doux<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Distinguer entre les syllabes ouvertes et <\/span><\/b>ferm\u00e9es<\/span><\/b>. <\/span>Une syllabe ouverte se termine par une voyelle :<\/span> MA<\/span><\/u><\/i>-RIS,<\/span><\/i> \u00a0PA<\/span><\/u><\/i>-TREM, <\/span><\/i>une ferm\u00e9e par une <\/span>consonne\u00a0<\/span>: <\/span>MAN<\/span><\/u><\/i>-DUCARE;<\/span><\/i> DAM<\/span><\/u><\/i>-NATIO<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Le -A-<\/span><\/b> latin<\/b><\/span> en syllabe ouverte > fr. -e-\u00a0:<\/span><\/b> TA-LEM <\/span>><\/span> fr.<\/span> t\u00e9l <\/span><\/i>\u2260<\/span> it.<\/span> tale, <\/span><\/i>pt.\/<\/i>es. tal\u00a0<\/i>; MA-RE \u2260 fr.<\/span> mer<\/span><\/i> \u2260<\/span> it.<\/span> mare, <\/span><\/i>pt.\/es. mar<\/i>. -A- est la seule modification vocalique qui n\u2019est pas due \u00e0 l\u2019exclusion de consonnes<\/span> et <\/span>o\u00f9 la modification <\/span>implique <\/span>un passage du groupe sombre au groupe clair<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. Les voyelles toniques et\/ou longues en latin ont tendance \u00e0 changer\u00a0<\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/a>a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0112, \u012a<\/span><\/b> > \/ei\/oi\/ie\/e\/i\/\u00a0: <\/span><\/b>D<\/span>\u0112<\/span>BET > fr. doit <\/i><\/span>\u2260<\/span><\/i> <\/i>it. devve;<\/i> D<\/span>\u012a<\/span>G(I)TUS > fr. doigt, es. dedo, it. ditto\u00a0; D(I)R<\/span>\u0112<\/span><\/u>CTUS > fr.<\/span> droit<\/span><\/i> \u2260<\/span> it. dritto\u00a0<\/i>; <\/span>P<\/span>\u0112<\/span>DE<\/span>(M) > fr.<\/span> pied,<\/span><\/i> it.<\/span> piede\u00a0<\/span><\/i>; F<\/span>\u0112<\/span>RIA<\/span> (vacances, <\/i>foire) > pt. feira,<\/i><\/span> fr.<\/span> foire, <\/span><\/i>pt.<\/span> f\u00e9rias<\/span><\/i> (vacances), es.<\/span> feria <\/span><\/i>(Messe),<\/i><\/span> it.<\/span> fera<\/span><\/i>, an.<\/span> fair.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

    b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u014c > \/eu\/ue\/uo\/\u00f5\/\u00a0:<\/span><\/b> N\u014cVU(M > fr.<\/span> neuf<\/span><\/i>, es.<\/span> nuevo,<\/span><\/i> it.<\/span> nuovo;<\/span><\/i> BONU(M), <\/i>fr. bon<\/i>, es. bueno, <\/i>it. buono, <\/i>pt. bom\u00a0<\/i>; B\u014cVIS > b\u0153uf<\/i>, es. buey<\/i>, it. bue<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>U > \/ou\/o\/u\/\u00a0: <\/span><\/b>URSU(M)\u00a0: es.<\/span> oso, <\/span><\/i>fr. ours<\/i>, it.<\/span> orso, <\/span><\/i>pt.<\/span> urso<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>AU > \/o\/\u00a0: <\/span><\/b>AURU(M)<\/span> \u2260 es.<\/span> oro,<\/span><\/i> fr.<\/span> or<\/i>, <\/span>it.<\/span> oro.

    <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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    1. En fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/b>, portugais et espagnol, les voyelles doubles (digraphes) sont fr\u00e9quentes dans les cas <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>d\u2019une exclusion de consonne(s) intervocalique(s)\u00a0: <\/span><\/b>CAD\u0112<\/u>RE > fr. choi<\/u>r<\/i>, pt. cai<\/u>r,<\/i> es. cae<\/u>r<\/i>\u00a0; PLAC\u0112RE > fr. plaire \u2260<\/i> an. to please<\/i>, it. piacere \u2260<\/i> pt. aprazer,<\/i> es. placer<\/i>\u00a0; NOC\u0112RE > fr. nui<\/u>re \u2260<\/i> it. nuo<\/u>cere<\/i> (to harm)\u00a0; <\/span><\/p>\n

      b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>le changement du digraphe intervocalique -CT-<\/span><\/b> > -it-, -tt-, -ch-: <\/span>LAC-TE(M) > fr. lait <\/i>[l, <\/i>pt. leite <\/i>\u2260 it. latte<\/i>, sp. leche\u00a0<\/i>; NOC-TEM > nuit, noite \u2260 notte, noche<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>des changements au niveau des syllabes accentu\u00e9es\u00a0:<\/span> lat. V\u012aTA > afr. *[vi<\/i><\/span>\u00f0<\/span><\/span><\/a>a<\/span><\/i>] > fr.<\/i> vie<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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      1. Plus que le fran\u00e7ais le portugais, l\u2019espagnol et l\u2019italien conservent les formes latines ou ne les modifient<\/span><\/b> que l\u00e9g\u00e8rement.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        10.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/i>M\u00eame le \u00ab\u00a0vocabulaire \u00e9rudit\u00a0\u00bb allemand, dans la mesure o\u00f9 il remonte au latin \u00e9crit ou grec ancien, ne change pas la qualit\u00e9 des voyelles\u00a0: <\/span><\/b>PRAEDICARE > dt.<\/span> predigen,<\/span><\/i> es.<\/span> predicar<\/span><\/i>, it.<\/span> predicare<\/span><\/i>, fr.<\/i><\/span> pr\u00e9dication, pr\u00eacher, de pr\u00eacher.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

        B)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>Les Consonnes<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

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        1. En position initiale des mots, les consonnes sont stables, \u00e0 quelques exceptions pr\u00e8s\u00a0:<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>en fran\u00e7ais\u00a0: C-<\/span><\/b> > <\/span>ch-<\/span><\/b>: lat. <\/span>CABALLU(M) >\u00a0; cheval\u00a0<\/i>;<\/span> CHAT(TUS)<\/span> \u2260<\/span> chat<\/span><\/i> [<\/span>\u0283<\/span><\/span><\/a>a<\/span>] <\/span>\u2260<\/span> it.<\/span> gatto<\/span><\/i>, es.<\/span> gato<\/span><\/i>\u00a0; CANE(M) > chien<\/i>, it.<\/span> cane, <\/span><\/i>es. can<\/i>\u00a0; CAPUT\/CAP(I)TE > <\/i>fr.<\/span> chef,<\/span><\/i> an. chef,<\/em> es. jefe<\/em> \u2260 cabeza<\/em> (Kopf); <\/span>l\u2019e<\/span>spagnol et l\u2019italien n\u2019innovent pas (cabo, capo\u00a0<\/i>; <\/span>fr. cap, <\/i>en. cape, dt. <\/span>Kap<\/span><\/i>)\u00a0; fr.<\/span> chiffre<\/span><\/i>, it.<\/span> \/pt.\/es.<\/span> cifra<\/span><\/i> <<\/span> mlat.<\/span> CIFRA<\/span> < ar.<\/span> SIFR<\/span> (z\u00e9ro).<\/span><\/p>\n

          b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>en italien\u00a0<\/span><\/b>: <\/span>B-, C-, F-, G-, P-plus-L<\/span><\/b> > bi, ci\/chi, fi<\/span>, <\/span>pi-, gi\/ghi\u00a0; francique BLANK<\/span> > bianco\u00a0<\/i>; lat.<\/span> CLAMARE ><\/span> chiamare, <\/span><\/i>FLORE(M) > fiore\u00a0<\/i>; vlat. GLACIA > ghiaccio\u00a0<\/i>; PLAC<\/span>\u0112<\/span>RE > piacere.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

          c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>dans les langues ib\u00e9riques\u00a0: <\/span><\/b>CL <\/span>> es.<\/span> ll-<\/span> [j] llave, llamar\u00a0<\/i><\/span>;<\/span> pt.<\/span> ch- [<\/span>\u0292<\/span>]<\/span> chave<\/span><\/i>,<\/span> chamar.<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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          1. En latin, le h– <\/i>initial s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 amu\u00ef au moment de la destruction de Pomp\u00e9i en 78 ap. J.-C.<\/span><\/b> Seule l\u2019orthographe italienne enregistre ce d\u00e9veloppement\u00a0: <\/b>abitudine, osteria, erede, esitare<\/i> \u2260 fr. habitude, heritier, h\u00e9siter\u00a0<\/i>; \u2260 es. habitud, heredero, hesitar<\/i>. L\u2019existence de le h- initial dans d\u2019autres langues romanes s\u2019explique par des orthographes \u00e9tymologisantes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            4. \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Souvent, les consonnes subissent des changements frappants<\/span><\/b> du latin classique au fran\u00e7ais, ce qui entra\u00eene leur enti\u00e8re disparition.<\/b> Parfois, des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de sonorisation (l\u00e9nition) pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent\u00a0: V<\/span>\u012a<\/span>TA(M) > vi\u00f0a > <\/i>vie\u00a0; PL<\/span>\u0100<\/span>CET > fr. pla\u00eet\u00a0; <\/span>\u2260<\/span> plaisons, piacciamo, aprazemos<\/i> < PLAC<\/span>\u0112<\/span>MUS\u00a0; V<\/span>\u0100<\/span>DO > fr. [v<\/span>\u025b<\/span><\/span><\/a>] vais, <\/i>es. voy <\/i><\/span>\u2260<\/span><\/i> <\/i>it. vado<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

            5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00c0 des degr\u00e9s vari\u00e9s, les langues romanes montrent des sonorisations\u00a0:<\/span><\/b> AQUA >fr. eau<\/i><\/span> via<\/span> afr<\/span>. <\/span>aigue, <\/span><\/i>es.<\/span> agua;<\/span><\/i> PLAC<\/span>\u0112<\/span>RE \u2260 fr.<\/span> plaire<\/i> <\/span>\u2260<\/span> plais<\/u>ir,<\/span><\/i> pt.<\/span> praz<\/u>er,<\/span><\/i> es.<\/span> plac<\/u>er,<\/span><\/i> it.<\/span> piac<\/u>ere\u00a0<\/span><\/i>; TAC<\/span>\u0112<\/span>RE fr.<\/span> taire<\/span><\/i> \u2260<\/span> es.<\/span> tacer, <\/span><\/i>it.<\/span> tac<\/span><\/i>\u0113<\/span><\/i>re.<\/span><\/i> Ou bien\u00a0: -T- et -D-<\/span> ><\/span> -s-\/-z-: RATIONEM <\/i>> it.<\/span> ragione,<\/span><\/i> pt.<\/span> razo<\/span><\/i>, es.<\/span> raz\u00f3n,<\/span><\/i> fr.<\/span> raison,<\/span><\/i> an.<\/span> reason<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

            6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00c0 la suite de l\u2019amu\u00efssement de voyelles atoniques des consonnes nouvelles <\/b>(lettres <\/b>simples, digraphes, trigraphes) apparaissent<\/b> \u00a0: lat. MAND (U)<\/u>CARE > *mantger<\/i><\/span> > mang<\/u>er,<\/span><\/i> it. mang<\/u>iare\u00a0<\/i>;<\/span> PRAED(I)CARE \u2260‚pred(i)cer > <\/i>fr.<\/span> pr\u00each<\/u>er <\/span><\/i>[<\/span>\u2060<\/span><\/span>\u0283<\/span><\/a>\u2060<\/span><\/span>]<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/i>en preach <\/u><\/i>[<\/u><\/span>[<\/span><\/span>\u2060<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>\u0283<\/span><\/a>\u2060<\/span><\/span>]<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

            7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Une fois de plus, l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 conduit \u00e9galement \u00e0 la sonorisation de consonnes doubles\u00a0:<\/b> \u00a0COLUBR<\/u>A > couleuvr<\/u>e<\/i>, sp. colebra (de cristal)<\/i>; an. better<\/i>\u00a0: an.brit. <\/a>[b<\/span>\u025b<\/span><\/span><\/a>t<\/span><\/u>\u0259<\/span><\/span><\/a>],<\/span><\/span><\/a> an.am. <\/span>[b<\/span>\u025b<\/span><\/span><\/a>d<\/span><\/u><\/a>\u0259<\/span><\/span><\/a>];<\/span> Italy<\/span><\/i> <\/a>[‚it<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0259<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>li]<\/span> and [id<\/u><\/span>\u0259<\/span><\/span><\/a>li]. Parfois, les consonnes disparaissent enti\u00e8rement: CATH(E)DRA > chaire<\/i> \u2260 INT<\/span>\u0112<\/span>GRA > entier<\/i> [<\/span>\u0251\u0303<\/span><\/span><\/a>tje],<\/i> enti\u00e8re<\/span> [\u0251\u0303<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>tjer], enti\u00e8rement<\/i> <\/span>[\u0251\u0303<\/span><\/span><\/a>tjerm], sp. entero, <\/i>pt. inteiro\u00a0<\/i>; es.<\/span> capit\u00e1n, <\/span><\/i>fr. capitaine<\/i>, it. capitano<\/i>, al. Kapit\u00e4n<\/i> <\/span>\u2260<\/span> an. capt<\/u>ain.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

            8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Il se trouve que les sons et les <\/span><\/b>lettres permutent<\/span><\/b> (m\u00e9tath\u00e8se)\u00a0: FOR<\/u>MAT(I)CUM > <\/i>fr. fr<\/u>omage<\/i><\/span> \u2260<\/span> <\/i>it. for<\/u>maggio\u00a0<\/i>;<\/span> par<\/u>fumerie <\/span><\/i>\u2260 it.<\/span> profumeria\u00a0<\/span><\/i>;<\/span> an.\/fr. <\/span>cr<\/u>ocodile,<\/span><\/i> al.<\/span> Krokodil<\/span><\/i> \u2260 es.<\/span> cocodr<\/u>ilo\u00a0<\/span><\/i>;<\/span> it. pro<\/u>filo, <\/span><\/i>al. Profil <\/i><\/span>\u2260 pt.\/es.<\/span> per<\/u>fil.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


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            [1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Les observations suivantes portent exclusivement sur des buts didactiques. L\u2019exhaustivit\u00e9 de la phon\u00e9tique romane historique n\u2019est pas intentionn\u00e9e. Pour plus d\u2019informations, consultez F.-J. Meissner, Claude Meissner, Horst G. Klein & Tilbert D. Stegmann\u00a0: EuroComRom. Les sept tamis<\/i>. Lire les langues romanes d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part. Avec une introduction \u00e0 l\u2019eurocompr\u00e9hension. <\/i>Aix-la-Chapelle\u00a0: Shaker 2004. Les Tamis<\/i> existent aussi dans d\u2019autres langues (catalan, allemand, italien, portugais, roumain, espagnol, polonais). Seule la version fran\u00e7aise comprend un Introduction \u00e0 la didactique de l\u2019eurocompr\u00e9hension <\/i>(pp. 7-140).<\/span><\/div>\n
            \n

            [2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Quelques explications terminologiques sont n\u00e9cessaires. Les parenth\u00e8ses () <\/b>indiquent un son atonique (clitisation)\u00a0; [] <\/b>une transcription phon\u00e9tique\u00a0; une s\u00e9rie<\/b> contient des correspondances morphos\u00e9mantiques entre les langues : cheese, fromage, formaggio, queijo, queso, K\u00e4se <\/i>; des acronymes\u00a0: al.<\/b> (allemand), an<\/b>. (anglais), an<\/b>.brit. <\/b>(anglais britannique), an<\/b>.am. <\/b>(anglais am\u00e9ricain), ar.<\/b> (arabe), es.<\/b> (espagnol), fr.<\/b> (fran\u00e7ais), afr.<\/b> (ancien fran\u00e7ais), gr<\/b>. (grec antique), lat. <\/b>(latin), lat.m.<\/b> (latin m\u00e9di\u00e9val), lat.v.<\/b> (latin vulgaire)\u00a0; <<\/b> d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de; ><\/b> donne; \u2260<\/b> diff\u00e9rent de, mais; *<\/b> \u2018sans r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Destinataires: enseignants, apprenants avanc\u00e9s Ce document pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e8gles phon\u00e9tiques et orthographiques les plus importantes de quatre langues romanes majeures afin de faciliter leur lecture intercompr\u00e9hensive. Ainsi, il se met au service des \u00e9tudiants qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 une bonne ma\u00eetrise …<\/p>\n

            Phon\u00e9tique et orthographes<\/span> Weiterlesen »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2899","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPhon\u00e9tique et orthographes - EuroComDidact<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eurocomdidact.eu\/?page_id=2899&lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Phon\u00e9tique et orthographes - EuroComDidact\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Destinataires: enseignants, apprenants avanc\u00e9s Ce document pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e8gles phon\u00e9tiques et orthographiques les plus importantes de quatre langues romanes majeures afin de faciliter leur lecture intercompr\u00e9hensive. 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            3.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>En espagnol, le f- initial devient h-\u00a0:<\/span><\/b> hacemos, faisons\u00a0<\/span><\/i>; hormiga, <\/i>fr. fourmi\u00a0<\/i>;\u00a0 es. horno<\/i>, fr. four<\/i>, it. forno\u00a0;<\/i><\/span> it. [<\/span>\u0292<\/span><\/span><\/a>] dans gelato<\/i> > es. helado \u2260<\/i> fr. jamais, <\/i>es. jam\u00e1s.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n